عرض بوربوينت درس The Building Blocks of Life في الأحياء للصف التاسع متقدم (2)

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The Building Blocks of Life

Lesson 4

Focus Question

Why is carbon essential to life?

New Vocabulary

Macromolecule جزيئات كبيرة، polymer بوليمر

amino acid حمض اميني

Carbohydrate كربوهيدرات، Protein بروتين

nucleic acid حمض نووي

Lipid دهون، Nucleotide نيوكلوتيد

Review Vocabulary

organic compound: a carbon-based substance that is the basis of living matter

My objective is to :

Define the macromolecules and polymer.

Describe the major family of macromolecules.

Describe the structure and function of Carbohydrates and lipids and their importance in living things.

Biology lesson 4 the building blocks of life

Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry is the study of organic compounds, or compounds that contain carbon.

Carbon is a component of almost all biological molecules that’s why life on the earth is considered carbon based.

Molecules are either inorganic compounds or organic compounds

Organic-has carbon، Inorganic-no carbon

Why is carbon so special?

It can form 4 bonds with other atoms. It loves to COVALENTLY BOND!

It can form single, double, and triple bonds.

Carbon atoms bond together to form a variety of important organic compounds.

Macromolecules are large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.

Polymers are molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds called monomers.

Macromolecules are organized into four major categories:

Lipids، Proteins، Nucleic acids

Compounds composed of a ratio of 1 carbon to 2 hydrogen to 1 oxygen are called carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates have a general formula of (CH2O)n where n indicates the number of CH2O units in the chain.

Carbohydrates are a central energy source for organisms.

Carbohydrates also function as cellular support in plants, fungi, and animals.

Carbohydrates that have values of n ranging from three to seven are called monosaccharides.

Two monosaccharides joined together form a disaccharide.

Longer carbohydrate molecules are called polysaccharides.

maltose

Galactose، Ribose (pentose sugar)، cellulose، chitin

Polysaccharides

Lipids are molecules made mostly of carbon and hydrogen.

Lipids make up the fats, oils, and waxes.

Lipids are composed of fatty acids, glycerol, and other components

Lipids’ primary function is to store energy.

Lipids are hydrophobic this mean do not dissolve in water.

Lipids are not polymers.

Fatty acids serve as energy storage.

Saturated fats:

all carbon atoms are bonded together by single covalent bonds

have straight chains

are solids at room temperature

Unsaturated fats:

have at least one carbon-carbon double bond

have kinks (twist) in their chains

are liquid at room temperature.

A lipid called a triglyceride (tri GLIH suh rid) is a fat if it is solid at room temperature and come from animal while an oil if it is liquid at room temperature and come from plant.

Triglycerides are stored in the fat cells of the body.

Phospholipid is the major component of all cell membranes.

Plant leaves are coated with lipids called waxes to prevent water loss, and the honeycomb in a beehive is made of beeswax.