حل مراجعة تدريبات Final Exam في اللغة الإنجليزية للصف الثامن - الفصل الثاني

Grade 8 Revision Booklet

Second Term Final Exam

The English Department، Part 1-Reading comprehension

A-Read the following passage and answer the questions below :

Galileo’s Discoveries About the Universe

For thousands of years people thought that the universe was a hollow ball—like the inside of a basketball. Earth was in the middle. The sun, the moon, and the planets went around it in a circle. The stars did not move. They were fixed in place on the inner wall of the “ball.” About 1520, Nicolaus Copernicus found out that this theory was wrong. He watched the sky. He saw the way that the moon and planets moved. They did not seem to go around Earth. He started to think that Earth and other planets went around the sun. But he had no way to prove it. The Roman Catholic Church controlled all learning in Europe. It did not like Copernicus’s ideas. The Church stated that Earth was the centre of the universe. Anyone who said otherwise was a heretic. And the Church could kill a heretic. Galileo Galilei was a scientist. He wanted to know how things worked. He did experiments with gravity. He knew about Copernicus’s idea. He agreed with him. But he could not prove it. Then in 1609 he met a man. The man showed him a new Dutch invention. It was a crude telescope. Galileo got excited. He could improve upon it! He made one with curved glass lenses. This made things appear 32 times larger. Galileo used his telescope to watch the night sky. He kept records of the motion of the moon and planets. By 1613, he knew how things really worked. Earth and other planets moved around the sun. He wrote about his findings. The Church attacked him. He waited for things to settle down. Twenty years later he repeated his findings in another book. This time the Church arrested him. It found him guilty of being a heretic. He would burn at the stake! Galileo did not want to die. So he said that he had written lies. The Church put him under house arrest for the rest of his life. He could not go places or talk about his ideas. But Galileo had changed the world. He showed other scientists that it was important to make careful observations and keep records. He created a useful telescope. And he showed people that they could question the Church.

1. Galileo’s ideas were attacked by

a. other scientists. b. Nicolaus Copernicus. c. Leaders of the Roman Catholic Church.

2. In what year did Galileo know for sure how our solar system is set up?

a. 1520، b. 1609، c. 1613

3. The telescope was a _______ invention.

a. Dutch، b. Deutsch، c. Dansk

4. What did the church do the second time Galileo published his findings?

a. Awarded him b. Arrested him

c. Killed him

5. What was special about the telescope?

a. The invention was perfect.

b. The glass was curved.

c. The invention didn’t have glass.

TEXT : 2، Animated Cartoons

Cartoons have been around longer than you might think. In 1640, Athanasius Kircher was the first man who attempted to put drawings into motion. He drew images on layers of glass slides and had them move within a lantern, giving the appearance of movement. In the early 1800s, it was determined that movement can also be accomplished by placing fixed images on paper. This was called “the persistence of vision.” To illustrate this, John Paris invented the Thaumatrope. It was a two-sided plate with a different image on each side. Paris took an image of a bird on one side and an empty cage on the other. He used two strings and wound it so that when pulled tight, it spun and the two images “moved,” creating the illusion of the bird in the cage. Mathematician William Horner invented the Zoetrope in 1867. It was a roll of paper with drawings on it, placed inside a turning drum with slots. As it turned and one looked through the slots, the images appeared to move. It was actually first called The Wheel of the Devil but was later renamed the Zoetrope. Later, in the 1800s, Thomas Edison invented the Kinetoscope, the first cinema machine. One looked into a slot where a reel of photos or pictures passed, and the images moved seamlessly. Based on Edison’s invention, images were eventually placed on film that moved at a high rate of speed. The cartoons were all hand drawn and carefully filmed to show natural movement. Today, cartoons are made via computer technology, and the old-fashioned method of hand drawing every image is uncommon. Cartoons have expanded from being intended primarily for children to providing entertainment for all ages. After over three hundred years, they still have not lost their appeal.

1. Which device was invented first?

a. Zoetrope b. Kinetoscope

c. Thaumatrope، d. cinema machine

2. What is the best way to describe animation?

a. Still images appear to move.

b. It brings objects to life.

c. It is used to make movies more exciting.

d. It can only be accomplished with computers.

3. What does the word persistence mean as it is used in the second paragraph?

a. refusing to give up b. remaining c. continuing an effect d. repeating a question

4. Which statement best describes the first animated cinema movies?

a. He drew images on layers of glass slides and had them move within a lantern, giving the appearance of movement.

b. The cartoons were all hand drawn and carefully filmed to show natural movement.

c. Today, cartoons are made via computer technology, and the old-fashioned method of hand drawing every image is uncommon.

d. By spinning the two images, Paris created the illusion of movement.

TEXT 3 :

The Philippines